山美股份董事長(zhǎng)楊安民先生接受《澎湃新聞》采訪

2017年11月，《澎湃新聞》英文版刊登了一篇題為“Shanghai Buckles Under Mounting Demolition Debris - Stricter waste dumping rules whip up clouds of dust in city suburb”（上海加強(qiáng)治理建筑垃圾非法傾倒）的文章，山美股份董事長(zhǎng)楊安民先生就建筑垃圾處理等問題接受了《澎湃新聞》（英文版）記者采訪，并發(fā)表了相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)：

（報(bào)道原文鏈接：http://www.sixthtone.com/news/1001081/shanghai-buckles-under-mounting-demolition-debris）

報(bào)道全文：

Shanghai Buckles Under Mounting Demolition Debris

Stricter waste dumping rules whip up clouds of dust in city suburb

Nov 20, 2017

SHANGHAI — Every hour, a truck laden with construction waste enters a site the size of two soccer fields in a southwestern suburb of China’s most populous city.

A short distance away from the mounds of bricks, wooden boards, and concrete blocks, Zhang Baobao sells unrefrigerated slabs of pork, chicken, and beef. The 51-year-old finds herself constantly battling the dust and pollution at the construction waste sorting site. It gets everywhere: in her hair, on the laundry she hangs out to dry at her nearby apartment, and even on her meat. “Sometimes it’s like a sandstorm,” she told Sixth Tone.

Like in many other Chinese cities, Shanghai government departments, developers, and individuals frequently tear down old buildings that are illegal, outdated, or simply standing in the way of urban renewal. Occasionally, such demolitions make headlines, such as in the case of one famous Shanghai “nail house.”

But with the skylines of China’s metropolises in a constant state of flux, demolitions usually attract little attention, and the same goes for the massive amounts of waste they produce. Stricter rules for dumping construction waste in Shanghai and its neighboring provinces — combined with an uptick in demolitions of illegal structures — have highlighted just how much waste the city’s construction sites produce: a staggering estimate of 20,000 tons of construction waste a day, about three times the weight of the Eiffel Tower. When it comes to legally disposing of this waste, however, the options are limited.

In the past, some of the city’s construction waste was dumped illegally, often in rivers and lakes far from the city. Last year, eight ships from Shanghai were caught dumping4,000 tons of construction material and household waste — roughly equivalent to one-third of the trash produced in New York City each day — on the scenic shores of Taihu Lake, located about an hour from Shanghai in eastern China’s Jiangsu province. According to news reports, the company responsible was planning to dump a total of 4 million tons of waste within one and a half years.

With the waste disposal issue reaching a tipping point, in July, the Shanghai government announced a ban on transporting construction waste from the city to other provinces. Currently, however, Shanghai lacks sufficient infrastructure to manage the waste it produces. The municipal leadership’s order to handle the problem by either burning or recycling construction waste has trickled all the way down to neighborhood officials, who have begun to feel the burden.

“We have tried our best, but a large portion of the construction waste still has nowhere to go,” said Shen Feng, a sanitation official in the Yueyang neighborhood of Shanghai’s Songjiang District, home to the construction waste site that Sixth Tone visited. Songjiang produces around 1,000 tons of construction waste per day.

“We have tried our best, but a large portion of the construction waste still has nowhere to go.
- Shen Feng, neighborhood sanitation official”

During the sorting process, nearly 25 percent of construction waste is classified as combustible, meaning it can be incinerated. But due to the immense volume and crude sorting technology, not all combustible materials make it to incinerators.

Another 50 percent of the waste can be recycled, typically for use in building roads or filling hollow land. The remaining 25 percent is dust or ash — materials that have triggered complaints from the public and stumped waste management officials.

By 2020, Shanghai intends to recycle, reuse, or burn all the construction waste it produces. But the challenges become clear at the dumping site near Zhang’s butcher shop, one of few sites where such waste is being sorted. With the help of excavators, site foreman Su Jian and his co-workers sort through mountains of waste each day. They have taken to hosing down the trash with water to better control the dust. Su told Sixth Tone that they received specially designed, enclosed sorting machines to help reduce the amount of dust in the air, but that they are waiting for the machines to be connected to a source of electricity.

“The city has difficulty processing the growing volume [of construction waste],” said Yao Yongmei, the official who oversees sanitation regulation in Songjiang. At present, the district’s single incineration plant has a capacity of 2,000 tons per day and is designed to handle household waste, though it is also used to burn combustible construction waste.

“We are now preparing to build new plants in the suburbs, which may help to process waste from downtown districts in the future,” Yao said, explaining that plans are underway to add three more waste processing plants in Songjiang and to increase the lone incineration plant’s daily capacity to 3,500 tons of combustible waste — generated by both households and construction sites — by 2020. One of the new processing plants will be dedicated to handling the district’s recyclable construction waste.

Still, Yao noted that resolving the waste issue remains “challenging.” Environmental experts recommend recycling over landfills, but in addition to new processing plants, the city also needs to clarify the market price of waste sorting and recycling, as well as better enforce new regulations, Yao said.

Yang Anming, president of Shanghai Sanme Mining Machinery Co. Ltd. — which manufactures construction waste recycling equipment — agrees that stronger enforcement of waste management regulations is necessary to improve recycling rates. “The cost of breaking the law [by dumping waste illegally] is low, so not many people tend to turn the waste into products,” Yang said. The profits to be made from recycling are also extremely low due to labor costs, processing difficulty, and uncertain government subsidies, Yang added. Many recycling companies, he said, have the capacity to take on more reusable materials — such as concrete, bricks, and scrap metal — than they currently receive.

楊安民，上海山美董事長(zhǎng)，一家建筑垃圾處理設(shè)備的制造商，認(rèn)為更嚴(yán)格的廢物管理?xiàng)l例執(zhí)法對(duì)于提高建筑垃圾回收率很有必要。楊總指出“非法傾倒建筑垃圾的違法成本較低，導(dǎo)致建筑垃圾變成再生產(chǎn)品缺乏動(dòng)力。”楊總補(bǔ)充，由于勞動(dòng)力成本、處置工藝復(fù)雜性以及政策補(bǔ)貼的不確定性，建筑垃圾資源化的利潤(rùn)也非常低。許多建筑垃圾處置企業(yè)可處置更多的可循環(huán)利用的材料，如廢棄混凝土、廢磚塊和廢金屬等。

“The cost of breaking the law [by dumping waste illegally] is low, so not many people tend to turn the waste into products.
- Yang Anming, president of a construction waste recycling equipment company ”

“非法傾倒建筑垃圾的違法成本較低，導(dǎo)致建筑垃圾變成再生產(chǎn)品缺乏動(dòng)力。
--楊安民，上海山美董事長(zhǎng)”

In addition, the popular perception of recycled products needs to shift, said Yang. “Construction waste is commonly referred to as garbage, so people have a mental block when they hear that,” Yang explained. “They won’t accept such products even though they are harmless and meet [safety] standards.”

此外，人們對(duì)再生產(chǎn)品的普遍看法有待改變，楊總告訴記者“建筑廢棄物通常被認(rèn)為是垃圾，因此人們聽到這個(gè)名字就會(huì)有抵觸。他們需要時(shí)間接受建筑垃圾再生產(chǎn)品，即使它們符合安全和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。”

The problem of mounting construction waste isn’t unique to China: The U.S.’s 1980 Superfund program put the onus of handling construction waste on the companies that produce it, and a law in Japan stipulating that construction waste should be recycled whenever possible has led to a recycling rate of 96 percent.

However, Yao said it’s difficult for China to learn from international examples because its volume of construction and demolition waste is much higher. Since 2000, China has built over 1,400 skyscrapers, more than any other country in the same period.

There may be progress on the horizon: A new regulation on construction waste management in Shanghai due to take effect in January stresses the need to reduce construction waste generation and promotes greater recycling efforts. It also stipulates responsibility for managing construction waste from the demolition of illegal buildings, and it extends the scope of construction waste management to include private interior design waste like wood, paint, and metal plates — which were excluded under previous regulations.

Yet Songjiang butcher Zhang has little hope that the dust will settle anytime soon. Her complaints to neighborhood officials, she said, have fallen on deaf ears. Soon, the house she lives in will add to the waste and pollution: More than a dozen old bungalows and two-story houses have been slated for demolition to make way for more modern buildings in her neighborhood.

Editors: Colum Murphy and Denise Hruby.

(Header image: Workers discuss a plan for handling the mountain of trash at the waste sorting site after several days of rain in Songjiang District, Shanghai, Oct. 17, 2017. Yu Dingzhang/Sixth Tone)

建筑廢棄物的處理和利用是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期艱苦復(fù)雜的工作，既需要眾多企業(yè)的積極參與和社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注，又需要各級(jí)政府部門的關(guān)心和大力支持；既要解決技術(shù)層面問題，又要結(jié)合政策、經(jīng)濟(jì)、市場(chǎng)、法制、管理等多個(gè)層面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。山美股份已為國(guó)內(nèi)眾多建筑廢棄物資源化運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)提供了解決方案和優(yōu)質(zhì)的成套設(shè)備，承建了眾多的國(guó)家和地方政府建筑廢棄物資源化示范項(xiàng)目。山美股份也希望與行業(yè)同仁積極研究，為建筑垃圾資源化處置提出更多更優(yōu)的解決方案。